海(hai)綿(mian)城市，是新一(yi)代城市雨洪管理(li)概念(nian)，是指城市在(zai)適應環境(jing)變化(hua)和應對雨水(shui)(shui)帶來(lai)的自然災害等方面具(ju)有良好的“彈性”，也可稱之(zhi)為“水(shui)(shui)彈性城市”。 城市能(neng)夠像海綿一樣，在適應環境(jing)變(bian)化(hua)和應對自然災(zai)害等方面具有(you)良好的“彈性”，下雨時吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)、蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)、滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)、凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)，需要時將蓄存的水(shui)(shui)(shui)“釋放”并加以利用。

指導意見

新華社北(bei)京10月16日(ri)電 國務(wu)院(yuan)辦公廳近日(ri)印發《關于推進海綿(mian)城市(shi)(shi)建設的指(zhi)導意(yi)見》（以(yi)下簡(jian)稱(cheng)《指(zhi)導意(yi)見》），部署推進海綿(mian)城市(shi)(shi)建設工作。

《指(zhi)導(dao)意(yi)見》指(zhi)出，建(jian)設(she)海(hai)綿城(cheng)市，統籌(chou)發揮自(zi)然生態(tai)功能(neng)(neng)和(he)人工干(gan)預功能(neng)(neng)，有(you)效控(kong)制雨水(shui)徑流，實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)然積存、自(zi)然滲透、自(zi)然凈化(hua)的城(cheng)市發展方(fang)式，有(you)利于修復城(cheng)市水(shui)生態(tai)、涵(han)養水(shui)資源，增強城(cheng)市防澇能(neng)(neng)力，擴大公共產品有(you)效投資，提高新(xin)型城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)質量(liang)，促(cu)進人與(yu)自(zi)然和(he)諧發展。

《指導意見(jian)》明確，通過海綿城(cheng)(cheng)市建設，最(zui)大限(xian)度地減少(shao)城(cheng)(cheng)市開(kai)發建設對(dui)生態環境的影響(xiang)，將70%的降雨就地消(xiao)納和利用。到(dao)2020年(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區(qu)(qu)20%以(yi)上(shang)的面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)要(yao)求；到(dao)2030年(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)市建成區(qu)(qu)80%以(yi)上(shang)的面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)要(yao)求。

《指導(dao)(dao)意見》從加(jia)(jia)(jia)強規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)引(yin)領、統(tong)籌有(you)序(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)、完(wan)善支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策、抓好(hao)組(zu)織落(luo)實(shi)(shi)等(deng)四(si)(si)個方(fang)面，提出(chu)了十項(xiang)具體(ti)措施(shi)。一是(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)編制(zhi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)。將雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)年(nian)徑流總量控(kong)制(zhi)率作(zuo)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的剛性控(kong)制(zhi)指標，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立區(qu)(qu)(qu)域雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)排放管理(li)制(zhi)度。二是(shi)(shi)嚴格實(shi)(shi)施(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)。將海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)作(zuo)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)許(xu)可和(he)項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的前置條件(jian)，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖審查、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)許(xu)可、竣工(gong)(gong)驗收等(deng)環(huan)節嚴格把關(guan)。三是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善標準規(gui)(gui)范(fan)。抓緊修訂完(wan)善與海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)相關(guan)的標準規(gui)(gui)范(fan)。四(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)統(tong)籌推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)新老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。從2015年(nian)起，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市新區(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)(yao)全面落(luo)實(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合棚(peng)戶區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉危房(fang)改造(zao)、老舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)更新等(deng)，以解決(jue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市內澇(lao)(lao)、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)收集利(li)用、黑臭(chou)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)為(wei)突破口，推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域整體(ti)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，逐步實(shi)(shi)現小(xiao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)積水(shui)(shui)、大雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)內澇(lao)(lao)、水(shui)(shui)體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)黑臭(chou)、熱(re)島有(you)緩解。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立工(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目儲備(bei)制(zhi)度，避免大拆(chai)大建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。五是(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)和(he)相關(guan)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿型道路與廣(guang)場，推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市排水(shui)(shui)防澇(lao)(lao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)易澇(lao)(lao)點改造(zao)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)污分(fen)流，科(ke)(ke)學(xue)布局建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)調(diao)蓄設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)。六是(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)公園綠地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)自然生(sheng)態修復(fu)。推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿型公園和(he)綠地(di)(di)，消納(na)自身雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，并為(wei)蓄滯周(zhou)邊區(qu)(qu)(qu)域雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)提供空(kong)間。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市坑塘、河湖、濕(shi)地(di)(di)等(deng)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)的保護與生(sheng)態修復(fu)。七是(shi)(shi)創新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)運營機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。鼓(gu)勵社會資(zi)本參與海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)運營管理(li)，鼓(gu)勵技術(shu)企業與金融資(zi)本結(jie)合，采用總承(cheng)包方(fang)式承(cheng)接相關(guan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目，發(fa)(fa)揮整體(ti)效益(yi)。八是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)大政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府投入。中央(yang)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)要(yao)(yao)積極引(yin)導(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，地(di)(di)方(fang)各級人民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府要(yao)(yao)進(jin)一步加(jia)(jia)(jia)大資(zi)金投入。九是(shi)(shi)完(wan)善融資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)。鼓(gu)勵相關(guan)金融機(ji)(ji)構加(jia)(jia)(jia)大信貸支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)力度，將海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)項(xiang)目列(lie)入專項(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)基(ji)金支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)范(fan)圍(wei)，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)符合條件(jian)的企業發(fa)(fa)行債券(quan)等(deng)。十是(shi)(shi)抓好(hao)組(zu)織落(luo)實(shi)(shi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市人民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府是(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的責任(ren)主體(ti)，住房(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)部(bu)會同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委、財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)、水(shui)(shui)利(li)部(bu)等(deng)部(bu)門(men)指導(dao)(dao)督(du)促(cu)各地(di)(di)做好(hao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)相關(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

試點通知

關于開展中央財政(zheng)支持海綿城市建設試點工作(zuo)的通(tong)知

根(gen)據(ju)習近(jin)平總書記關于(yu)“加強(qiang)海綿城(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)設”的講話(hua)精神(shen)和近(jin) 期中(zhong)央(yang)經濟工作會要求，財政(zheng)部(bu)、住(zhu)房城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建(jian)設部(bu)、水利部(bu)決(jue)定開展(zhan)中(zhong)央(yang)財政(zheng)支持(chi)海綿城(cheng)(cheng)市建(jian)設試點工作。現將有關事項通知如下：

一(yi)、中(zhong)央財政對海綿城市(shi)建設試(shi)點給(gei)予專項資(zi)金補(bu)助(zhu)，一(yi)定三年，具(ju)體(ti)補(bu)助(zhu)數額按(an)城市(shi)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)分檔確定，直轄(xia)市(shi)每年6億元(yuan)，省會城市(shi)每年5億元(yuan)，其他城市(shi)每年4億元(yuan)。對采用PPP模(mo)(mo)式達到(dao)一(yi)定比例(li)的，將(jiang)按(an)上述(shu)補(bu)助(zhu)基數獎勵10%。

二、試(shi)點城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)由省級財政(zheng)、住(zhu)房城(cheng)鄉建(jian)設、水利部門(men)聯合申報(bao)。試(shi)點城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)將城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設成(cheng)具有吸水、蓄(xu)水、凈(jing)水和釋水功能的海綿體，提(ti)高城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)防洪排澇(lao)減災能力。試(shi)點城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)年徑流(liu)總量目(mu)標控(kong)制(zhi)率應(ying)達到住(zhu)房城(cheng)鄉建(jian)設部《海綿城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設技術指南(nan)(nan)》要(yao)求。試(shi)點城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)按三年滾動預(yu)算要(yao)求編(bian)制(zhi)實(shi)施方案(an)，實(shi)施方案(an)編(bian)制(zhi)指南(nan)(nan)另(ling)行(xing)印發。

三、采取(qu)競爭性評審(shen)方式(shi)選擇試點城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)。財政(zheng)部(bu)、住房城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建設(she)部(bu)、水利部(bu)將(jiang)對申報城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)進(jin)行(xing)資格審(shen)核。對通過資格審(shen)核的城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)，財政(zheng)部(bu)、住房城(cheng)(cheng)鄉建設(she)部(bu)、水利部(bu)將(jiang)組織城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公開答(da)辯(bian)，由專家進(jin)行(xing)現(xian)場評審(shen)，現(xian)場公布評審(shen)結果。

四(si)、對試點(dian)工作(zuo)開展績(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)。財(cai)政(zheng)部(bu)、住房城鄉建(jian)設部(bu)、水利部(bu)定(ding)期組織(zhi)績(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)，并根據績(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)進行獎罰。評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)好的(de)(de)，按中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)補(bu)助資(zi)(zi)金(jin)基數10%給予獎勵(li)；評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)差的(de)(de)，扣(kou)回中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)補(bu)助資(zi)(zi)金(jin)。具體績(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)辦(ban)法另行制訂。

五、各地(di)財(cai)政(zheng)、住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)設、水(shui)利部門應高度重視此項工作，積極謀劃(hua)，組織有關(guan)城市做好實施(shi)方案編制工作，研究制定配套政(zheng)策(ce)。具體申(shen)報(bao)工作另行通知。

2014年(nian)12月31日(ri)

試點城市

2015年4月2日，海綿(mian)城市(shi)(shi)建設試(shi)點城市(shi)(shi)名(ming)單(dan)正(zheng)式(shi)公(gong)布。根(gen)據地(di)區(qu)得(de)分，排(pai)名(ming)在前16位的(de)城市(shi)(shi)分別是（按行政(zheng)區(qu)劃(hua)序列排(pai)列）：遷(qian)安、白城(cheng)、鎮江、嘉興、池州、廈門、萍鄉、濟南、鶴壁、武漢、常(chang)德、南(nan)寧(ning)、重慶(qing)、遂(sui)寧、貴安新區(qu)和西咸新區。國家住(zhu)建部6月10日下發(fa)文件(jian)把三(san)亞列入城市“雙(shuang)修”、地下綜合管廊和海綿城市(shi)的(de)試點城(cheng)市(shi)。

包(bao)括南(nan)寧、濟(ji)南(nan)在內的(de)16個城市(shi)(shi)將獲得中央(yang)財(cai)政(zheng)補貼10多(duo)億元，用于海綿城市(shi)(shi)建設(she)。這一(yi)補貼源于2014年12月31日財(cai)政(zheng)部發布(bu)的(de)《關于開展中央(yang)財(cai)政(zheng)支持海綿城市(shi)(shi)建設(she)試點工(gong)作的(de)通知(zhi)》一(yi)文。

全(quan)國130多個城(cheng)市(shi)參與(yu)競爭(zheng)，最后經過篩選(xuan)有34個進(jin)入初(chu)步(bu)名(ming)單。2015年3月4日，3部(bu)委(wei)確定22個城(cheng)市(shi)參與(yu)國家海綿(mian)(mian)城(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)試(shi)點城(cheng)市(shi)競爭(zheng)性評審答辯，最后有16個獲得海綿(mian)(mian)城(cheng)市(shi)的資格。

2015年4月2日晚(wan)間，根(gen)據(ju)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)部網站消息(xi)，海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)市建設試點城(cheng)(cheng)市名單(dan)正式公布。根(gen)據(ju)競爭性評(ping)審得分(fen)，排名在前16位的城(cheng)(cheng)市分(fen)別是（按(an)行政(zheng)(zheng)區劃(hua)序列排列）：遷安、白城(cheng)(cheng)、鎮江、嘉興、池州、廈門、萍鄉、濟南、鶴壁(bi)、武漢、常德、南寧、重慶(qing)、遂寧、貴安新區和西咸(xian)新區。

海綿(mian)城市，能充分發揮城市綠地、道路、水系等(deng)對(dui)雨水吸納、蓄(xu)滲和(he)(he)緩釋作用，有效緩解城市內(nei)澇(lao)，削減(jian)城市徑流污染負荷(he)，節約水資源，保護和(he)(he)改(gai)善城市生態環(huan)境。